Understanding the components and flow of the email security stack.

Components

ComponentRole
SEG / ESA (Email Security Appliance)Inbound/outbound email filtering. Policies, rules, HAT, quarantine routing
SMA (Security Management Appliance)Centralised management of ESAs. Quarantine and message tracking
FireEyeAdvanced threat detection. Sits inline and inspects email for malware/phishing
MTA (Mail Transfer Agent)Routes email between systems

Email inbound flow (simplified)

External sender → SEG (HAT check, SBRS, filters) → FireEye (threat scan) → Internal mail server

Key SEG concepts

TermDescription
HAT (Host Access Table)Controls which senders are accepted, throttled, or blocked based on IP/domain
SBRSSender Base Reputation Score — Cisco’s rating of a sender’s trustworthiness
Sender GroupA group of senders in the HAT (e.g. BLOCKED_LIST, WHITELIST)
MFP (Mail Flow Policy)Defines what action to take for a sender group
DictionaryA list of terms/domains used for matching in filters