A proxy server sits between a client and the internet, forwarding requests on behalf of the client. It can inspect, filter, log, and cache web traffic.

How it works

  1. Client sends web request to the proxy (not directly to the internet)
  2. Proxy inspects the request (checks category, user, policy)
  3. If allowed, proxy forwards it to the destination
  4. Response comes back through the proxy to the client

Common proxy behaviours

ScenarioWhat happens
URL has no categoryHits implicit deny (Bluecoat behaviour)
User not authenticatedReturns HTTP 407 Proxy Auth Required
Site blocked by policyReturns a block/exception page
Site whitelistedBypasses filtering

Authentication

Proxies often use BCAAA (Blue Coat Authentication and Authorization Agent) to authenticate users against Active Directory before allowing traffic.

Flow: Client → Proxy → BCAAA → AD → Proxy → Internet